改进Seldinger法经皮穿刺腹膜透析置管术在终末期肾病患者中的应用

目的:探讨改进Seldinger法经皮穿刺腹膜透析置管术在终末期肾病患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2019年12月~2020年12月于本院进行腹膜透析置管术的终末期肾病患者61例,随机分为观察组(31例)和对照组(30例),对照组患者采用常规开腹手术置管,观察组采用改进Seldinger法置管,比较两组患者完成置管手术的相关指标(手术时间、术后排气时间、切口长度、住院时间),术后3d、1个月患者并发症发生情况。结果:较对照组,观察组手术时间、术后排气时间均更短,腹部切口长度更短(P<0.05),两组患者住院时间比较(P>0.05),观察组穿刺成功率明显高于对照组(100.00%,80.00%,χ²=6.88,P=0.01)。较对照组,观察组患者术后3d并发症发生率明显低于对照组(22.58%,50.00%,χ²=4.97,P=0.03),观察组患者术后1个月并发症发生率明显低于对照组(19.35%,53.33%,χ²=7.05,P=0.01)。结论:对终末期肾病患者运用改进Seldinger法经皮穿刺腹膜透析置管术进行置管可有效缩短手术时间和术后排气时间,创口较小,患者术后早期、远期并发症较少,临床应用效果较好。     

信息化随访干预措施对HBV感染患者依从性影响分析

目的通过信息化随访方式干预慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者,对比分析其对患者疾病及用药依从性影响。方法收集2014年10月至2017年10月惠州市第六人民医院门诊及住院部诊断为慢性乙型病毒性肝炎、乙肝肝硬化患者,剔除不符合纳入条件患者,共纳入符合条件患者264例,有42例合并肝硬化。对纳入患者采取分层随机抽样方法进行分组,最终微信+电话随访组87例,电话随访组88例,对照组89例。随访并对比三组在2年后肝功能、肝硬化人数及停用恩替卡韦时间等不同差异。结果随访年后三组在失访人数上差异存在统计学意义,其中A组与B组2年后两组在ALT(Z=-3.218,P=0.02)、AST(Z=-2.749,P=0.03)、Alb(Z=1.746,P=0.04)、乙肝病毒DNA(Z=-3.231,P=0.02)指标差异具有统计学意义,而TBil、FIB-4指数、APRI、γ-GT指标差异无统计学意义。A组与C组2年后对比结果显示,两组在ALT(Z=-11.089,P<0.001)、AST(Z=-9.247,P=0.01)、TBil(Z=-7.623,P=0.01)、APRI(Z=-4.834,P=0.01)、γ-GT(Z=-2.867,P=0.03)、Alb(Z=3.187,P=0.02)、乙肝病毒DNA(Z=-10.078,P<0.001)指标差异具有统计学意义,而FIB-4指数指标差异无统计学意义。B组与C组2年后两组对比结果显示,两组在ALT(Z=-1.275,P=0.04)、AST(Z=-2.045,P=0.03)、TBil(Z=-3.762,P=0.02)、APRI(Z=-1.461,P=0.04)、γ-GT(Z=-2.254,P=0.03)、乙肝病毒DNA(Z=-1.782,P=0.04)指标差异具有统计学意义,而Alb、FIB-4指数指标差异无统计学意义。随访2年后A组肝硬化人数为12人,B组为16人,C组为24人。A组与B组(χ²=0.945,P=0.408)、B组与C组肝硬化人数(χ²=2.741,P=0.103)差异无统计学意义,而A、C两组肝硬化人数差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.843,P=0.013)。在2年时间内,A组有15例患者暂停使用恩替卡韦,B组有28例,C组有61例,三组停用恩替卡韦人数差异有统计学意义(χ²=25.061,P<0.001),通过Kaplan-meier分析,结果显示A组使用恩替卡韦时间长于B组(83.0%vs 68.5%,χ²=5.754,P=0.016)及C组(83.0%vs 33.7%,χ²=61.601,P<0.001),而B组使用时间长于C组(63.5%vs 33.7%,χ²=32.451,P<0.001)。结论通过对患者强化信息化干预,可以使患者服用抗乙肝病毒药物依从性提高,降低患者肝功能异常发生及肝硬化发病率。     

Machine learning models for Parkinson’s disease detection and stage classification based on spatial-temporal gait parameters

BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease with no cure, presenting a challenging diagnosis and management. However, despite a significant number of criteria and guidelines have been proposed to improve the diagnosis of PD and to determine the PD stage, the gold standard for diagnosis and symptoms monitoring of PD is still mainly based on clinical evaluation, which includes several subjective factors. The use of machine learning (ML) algorithms in spatial-temporal gait parameters is an interesting advance with easy interpretation and objective factors that may assist in PD diagnostic and follow up.Research questionThis article studies ML algorithms for: i) distinguish people with PD vs. matched-healthy individuals; and ii) to discriminate PD stages, based on selected spatial-temporal parameters, including variability and asymmetry.MethodsGait data acquired from 63 people with PD with different levels of PD motor symptoms severity, and 63 matched-control group individuals, during self-selected walking speed, was study in the experiments.ResultsIn the PD diagnosis, a classification accuracy of 84.6 %, with a precision of 0.923 and a recall of 0.800, was achieved by the Naïve Bayes algorithm. We found four significant gait features in PD diagnosis: step length, velocity and width, and step width variability. As to the PD stage identification, the Random Forest outperformed the other studied ML algorithms, by reaching an Area Under the ROC curve of 0.786. We found two relevant gait features in identifying the PD stage: stride width variability and step double support time variability.SignificanceThe results showed that the studied ML algorithms have potential both to PD diagnosis and stage identification by analysing gait parameters.     

高强度聚焦超声联合甲氨蝶呤在瘢痕子宫妊娠行宫腔镜微创清宫术中的应用效果分析

目的 探究采用高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)联合甲氨蝶呤(MTX)在瘢痕子宫妊娠行宫腔镜微创清宫术中的应用效果。方法 选择2018年5月—2019年5月在本院接受宫腔镜治疗的108例瘢痕子宫妊娠患者,依据随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,每组各54例。对照组使用HIFU预处理,研究组则使用HIFU联合MTX的方式预处理,处理后两组均行宫腔镜辅助微创清宫术。通过随访分析比较两组的治疗效果及妊娠结局。结果 研究组术后7 d血清β-HCG水平为(28 598.38±2 176.52)U/L,低于对照组的(32 423.13±2 734.65)U/L,差异有统计学意义(t=8.042,P<0.001);研究组血清β-HCG转阴时间、月经恢复时间、住院时间分别为(21.33±3.78)d、(28.21±3.83)d、(6.53±2.12)d,分别短于对照组的(26.72±4.83)d、(33.82±4.91)d、(9.53±2.67)d,差异具有统计学意义(t=6.458、6.620、6.466,P均<0.001)。两组均随访≥24个月,宫内妊娠、未孕、流产、再次瘢痕子宫妊娠、异位妊娠比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.895,P>0.05);宫内妊娠中足月分娩与早产比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.131,P>0.05),研究组并发症发生率为22.58%,低于对照组的37.50%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.296,P=0.021)。结论 在宫腔镜辅助微创清宫术治疗瘢痕子宫妊娠前使用HIFU联合MTX预处理的效果优于单一使用HIFU预处理,可明显缩短患者血清β-HCG转阴时间、月经恢复时间与住院时间,但对女性的妊娠结局无影响,妇产科临床治疗前可结合患者需求择取最合适的预处理方案。     

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hepatitis B virus vaccination and transmission among men who have sex with men: A mathematical modelling study

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccinations among men who have sex with men (MSM) has been considerably lower than before the pandemic. Moreover, less frequent HBV testing and a reduction in numbers of sex partners have been reported. We assessed the impact of these COVID-19-related changes on HBV transmission among MSM in the Netherlands.MethodsWe estimated the changes in sexual activity, HBV testing, and HBV vaccination among MSM during the pandemic from Dutch data. We used a deterministic compartmental model and investigated scenarios with small or large declines in sexual activity, testing, and vaccination for the current phase of the pandemic (without available data). We examined the increase in HBV vaccinations needed to prevent further increase in HBV incidence.ResultsWith a decrease in numbers of sex partners of 15–25% during the first lockdown and 5% during the second lockdown, we found a decline of 6.6% in HBV incidence in 2020, despite a >70% reduction in HBV testing and vaccination during the first lockdown. With numbers of sex partners rebounding close to pre-pandemic level in 2021, and a reduction of 15% in testing and 30% in vaccination in 2021, we found an increase of 1.4% in incidence in 2021 and 3.1% in 2026. With these changes, an increase of ≥60% in HBV vaccinations in 2022 would be needed to bring the HBV incidence in 2023 back to the level that it would have had if the COVID-19-related changes had not occurred.ConclusionsDespite reductions in sexual activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, the decrease in HBV vaccinations may result in a small increase in HBV incidence after 2021, which may persist for years. It is important to restore the vaccination level and limit further increase in HBV transmission among MSM.     

Retroperitoneal-first laparoscopic approach (Retlap)-assisted distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection (DP-CAR): A novel minimally invasive approach for achieving adequate dorsal surgical margin

BackgroundDistal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection (DP-CAR) is a procedure to secure a surgical margin for a locally advanced pancreatic body cancer that invades the celiac axis. However, in patients with cancer close to the root of the celiac axis, obtaining adequate surgical margins can be difficult because the tumor obstructs the field of vision to the root of the celiac axis. Previously, we described the retroperitoneal-first laparoscopic approach (Retlap) to achieve both accurate evaluation of resectability for locally advanced pancreatic cancer requiring DP-CAR [1] and adequate surgical margin for laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy [2]. In this video, we introduce Retlap-assisted DP-CAR as a minimally invasive approach for performing an artery-first pancreatectomy [3, 4] and achieving sufficient dorsal surgical margin (Fig. 1).MethodsOur patient is a 67-year-old man with a 55 × 29-mm pancreatic body tumor after chemotherapy. Preoperative computed tomography revealed a tumor close to the root of the celiac axis. Because the area of tumor invasion on preoperative images was near the root of the celiac artery, Retlap-assisted DP-CAR was performed to determine whether the celiac axis can be secured and obtain an adequate dorsal surgical margin (Fig. 2).ResultsThe operative time and estimated blood loss was 715 min and 449 mL, respectively. In spite of the advanced tumor's location and size, R0 resection was achieved in a minimally invasive way.ConclusionRetlap-assisted DP-CAR is not only technically feasible and useful for achieving accurate evaluation of resectability but also facilitates obtaining an adequate surgical margin.     

Outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with heart failure with a midrange ejection fraction

BackgroundCoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) improves survival in patients with heart failure and severely reduced left ventricular systolic function (LVEF). Limited data exist regarding adverse cardiovascular event rates after CABG in patients with heart failure with midrange ejection fraction (HFmrEF; LVEF > 40% and < 55%).MethodsWe analyzed data on isolated CABG patients from the Veterans Affairs national database (2010-2019). We stratified patients into control (normal LVEF and no heart failure), HFmrEF, and heart failure with reduced LVEF (HFrEF) groups. We compared all-cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization rates between groups with a Cox model and recurrent events analysis, respectively.ResultsIn 6533 veterans, HFmrEF and HFrEF was present in 1715 (26.3%) and 566 (8.6%) respectively; the control group had 4252 (65.1%) patients. HFrEF patients were more likely to have diabetes mellitus (59%), insulin therapy (36%), and previous myocardial infarction (31%). Anemia was more prevalent in patients with HFrEF (49%) as was a lower serum albumin (mean, 3.6 mg/dL). Compared with the control group, a higher risk of death was observed in the HFmrEF (hazard ratio [HR], 1.3 [1.2-1.5)] and HFrEF (HR, 1.5 [1.2-1.7]) groups. HFmrEF patients had the higher risk of myocardial infarction (subdistribution HR, 1.2 [1-1.6]; P = .04). Risk of heart failure hospitalization was higher in patients with HFmrEF (HR, 4.1 [3.5-4.7]) and patients with HFrEF (HR, 7.2 [6.2-8.5]).ConclusionsHeart failure with midrange ejection fraction negatively affects survival after CABG. These patients also experience higher rates myocardial infarction and heart failure hospitalization.     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.